Billie Holiday: Blues Pay Dues

MARCH 6
Women's History Month

You can be up to your boobies in white satin, with gardenias in your hair and no sugar cane for miles, but you can still be working on a plantation. (Billie Holiday)

Billie Holiday












Billie Holiday bends every note almost to breaking point. She punctures every phrase with pain and passion. She combines reason and feeling in a mix that (for me) no one else has equaled.

She was born Eleanora Harris or Eleanora Fagan in 1915, and died 44 years later. According to birth records, her father was “Frank DeViese”, now believed to be a made up name. Her father seems to have been Clarence Holiday. Sandra Fagan was thrown out of her home when she was thirteen years old and pregnant with Billie. Fagan and Holiday later married for a short time, and Billie was raised mainly by her mother and other relatives. Eleanora later took the name "Billie" from a screen star called Billie Dove.



Billie had a difficult childhood. Her claim of being raped at ten years old, together with her frequent truancy, resulted in her being sent to reform school. She remained there for two years, and then moved to New York City with her mother. In 1929, Billie’s mother surprised a neighbor raping Billie, and the man was convicted for committing the offence.

For a while, by Billie’s account, she worked as a prostitute, and spent time in prison for solicitation. Her musical “training” was singing along with records by Bessie Smith and Louis Armstrong, and she never learned to read music. She started her career by singing for tips in Harlem, working various clubs till (according to legend) a talent scout discovered her.

Billie was signed with Brunswick Records where she had room to do what she did best - improvise the melody line to fit the emotion. She had a close relationship with Lester “Prez” Young who gave her the nickname, “Lady Day”. She was also one of the first Black women to work with a white orchestra.

"Strange Fruit", Billie's song about lynching, proved too controversial for Colombia, her recording company at the time. She ultimately recorded it for Commodore and later for Verve.



In 1947, Billie was arrested on a drugs charge, and she was sentenced to a prison term. On her release, she performed at a come-back concert at Carnegie Hall. Less than a year later, she was arrested again for drugs believed to belong to her drugs dealer boyfriend. Her problems with the law limited her ability to work in clubs, but these difficulties may well have increased the emotional impact of her recordings.

Her autobiography, "Lady Sings the Blues" was published in 1956.



On May 31, 1959, Billie was admitted to hospital with liver and heart disease. The police raided her hospital room and arrested her as she lay dying.

Today’s jazz and pop singers benefit tremendously from Billie’s legacy. In 1987, she was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and the United States Postal Service introduced a Billie Holiday postage stamp in 1994.

Boobies in satin, a gardenia in her hair, Billie never accepted the plantation as her fate. Bless you, Lady Day!

For more information, please see “Billie Holiday, the Official Site of Lady Day” http://www.cmgww.com/music/holiday/about/biography2.htm

I would love to hear your thoughts and feelings about Billie.

Bessie Smith, Free-spirited Empress

MARCH 5
Women's History Month

If you want your eggs hatched, sit on them yourself. (Haiti)













Bessie Smith was one of the great blues singers. She was also an independent-minded woman who allowed nothing and no one to contain her. Indeed, Bessie was so rambunctious that today's paparazzi would have plagued her, and today's tabloids would have relied on her exploits for their sales.

She was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1894 (or 1898, or 1900). Her father was a laborer and Baptist preacher who died when Bessie was very young. By the time she was nine, her mother died as well, and Bessie’s older sister headed the family.

Bessie and her brother Andrew earned money for their household by singing and dancing on the street. When Bessie was 18, she was hired as a dancer by the company that included Ma Rainey. The two became friends, and Ma Rainey is credited with helping Smith to develop stage presence.

In 1923, Bessie was signed to Columbia Records, and ultimately made almost 200 recordings. She made some particularly memorable recordings with Louis Armstrong.



Working busy theatre circuits and tent tours as well, she became the highest paid (and therefore most newsworthy) entertainer of her day. She was popular with Blacks and whites, and was termed “The Empress of Blues”.



Bessie seemed to live the blues, and was willing to fight to correct anything she saw as mistreatment. She was six feet tall and weighed about two hundred pounds, with a voice to match her size. She would use her fists on managers, employees or singers who got on her wrong side. Reports say she once knocked down a man who was bigger than she, because he was harassing her and her friends. When the man stabbed Smith, she chased him in the street till she fell down from loss of blood.

When she caught her then husband in an affair with one of her chorus girls, she beat up the woman and threw her off a parked train. Then she chased her husband down the railroad track firing at him with his own gun. The words of “Please Help Me Get Him Off My Mind” express Smith’s views on the about-to-be-ex–husband:

It's all about a man who always kicks and dogs me around
It's all about a man who always kicks and dogs me aroun';
And when I try to kill him, that's when my love for him come down.

In "Empty Bed Blues" she sings of a lover whom she suspects of infidelity:

Lord he's got that sweet somethin' and I told my girlfriend Lou
From the way she's raving, she must have gone and tried it too





Bessie was not necessarily faithful, and she apparently preferred dark-skinned lovers (male or female). According to reports, she regularly slept with one of her chorus girls, and also had an affair with her male pianist. Further, she once was jailed after a fight with another woman over a male dancer.

The circumstances of Smith’s death sparked more controversy and drew more attention than she received during her lifetime. Writers of the time claimed Smith died because a white hospital refused to attend to her after she was injured in a car accident. However, it appears that she had bled to death before she reached the Black hospital to which she was taken. Seven thousand persons attended her funeral.

Inheritors of Smith’s legacy include Billie Holiday, Dinah Washington, Sarah Vaughan, and Aretha Franklin